Introduction: We report a case of an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acute respiratory\ndistress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria\nthat was successfully managed with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).\nCase report: A 25 year old male with no significant past medical history had been admitted to a local hospital due\nto dyspnea and fever. His pulmonary function subsequently failed necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) and\nintroduction of ECMO support. The patient was transported for 300 km by road on ECMO to a tertiary medical\ncenter. The diagnosis of ARDS, HIV infection and MDR bacterial and fungal VAP was made. Patient was successfully\ntreated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), anti-infective agents and 58 days of veno-venous ECMO support, with\ncomplete resolution of the respiratory symptoms.\nConclusion: HIV infected patients with ARDS and MDR bacterial VAP whose HIV replication is controlled by ART\ncould be successfully managed with ECMO.
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